Dikotomi Subkultur Masyarakat Kampung Pulo Desa Cangkuang Garut Jawa Barat

Abstract

Konsep kampung pulo merupakan masyarakat subkultur diwilayah Jawa Barat, kebudayaan yang dipertahankan agar tidak digerus kebudayaan populer modern dan mainstream. Tetapi subkultur masyarakat kampung Pulo memiliki dikotomi, dimana kebudayaan yang dilestarikan adalah bentuk perlawanan arus atau bentuk akulturasi dimana sengaja didesain untuk mengikuti arus mainstream dengan mencoba berbeda (subkultur) dengan arus utama itu sendiri. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi langsung, wawancara dan studi pustaka, penarikan kesimpulannya dengan pendekatan miles dan huberman. Kampung Pulo merupakan subkultur masyarakat modern mainstream dengan semua nilai, norma dan tradisi yang sudah ditetapkan. Aturan seperti membawa kemenyan, minyak wangi, bara api, bunga-bungaan dan serutu pada saat ziarah makam, larangan hari rabu untuk berziarah, tidak boleh membuat rumah beratap jure, tidak boleh memukul gong besar, tidak memelihara hewan besar berkaki empat seperti kambing, sapi dan kerbau. Anak perempuan harus tinggal dirumah sedangkan anak laki-laki yang sudah menikah harus keluar rumah. Kampung Pulo merupakan paradoks subkultur masyarakat dimana arus modernisasi dan globalisasi terpengaruh sehingga mendesain kampung wisata yang sengaja dibuat untuk tetap menjadi masyarakat adat sekaligus wisata. Komersialisasi sebagai dikotomi subkultur masyarakat Kampung Pulo tetapi komersialisasi juga menjadi kekuatan. Bukan karena memisahkan diri dari kebudayaan mainstream tetapi bertujuan diakui eksistensinya dalam menjaga adat, tradisi, nilai dan normanya.  The concept of Kampung Pulo is a sub-cultural community in the West Java region, a culture that is maintained so as not to be crushed by modern and mainstream popular culture. But the subculture of the Pulo village community has a dichotomy, where the culture that is preserved is a form of resistance to the flow or a form of acculturation which is deliberately designed to follow the mainstream by trying to be different (subculture) from the mainstream itself. The study used a qualitative approach with direct observation, interviews, and literature study, concluding using the Miles and Huberman approach. Kampung Pulo is a subculture of modern mainstream society with all established values, norms, and traditions. Rules such as bringing incense, perfume, coals of fire, flowers, and cigars at the time of the grave pilgrimage, prohibition on Wednesdays for pilgrimage, not allowed to build houses with Jure roofs, not allowed to beat big gongs, not keeping large four-legged animals such as goats, cows, and buffalo. Girls have to stay at home while boys who are married have to leave the house. Kampung Pulo is a subculture paradox of society where the currents of modernization and globalization are affected so that the design of a tourist village is deliberately made to remain an indigenous community as well as tourism. Commercialization is a subcultural dichotomy of the Kampung Pulo community, but commercialization is also a strength. Not because it separates itself from mainstream culture but aims to recognize its existence in maintaining its customs, traditions, values , and norms.